| ratio | f-stop difference | description |
|---|---|---|
| 1:1 | no difference | flat lighting |
| 2:1 | 1 Stop | general slide film |
| 3:1 | 1 stop and 1/3 ish | black & white |
| 4:1 | 2 stops | shadowing/contouring |
| 8:1 | 4 stops-ish | dramatic low key |
1:1 - two light sources with the same power
2:1 - if subject is shot at f5.6, then the background is twice the light, i.e. f8
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